Indledning: Der er et uundværligt led i medicinsk forskning, det vil sige dyreforsøg. Ifølge ufuldstændige statistikker bliver millioner af dyr over hele verden hvert år ofre for videnskabelige eksperimenter. Selvom det lyder blodigt, er det også en proces, som den medicinske udvikling skal igennem. Men med udviklingen af 3D-bioprintteknologi i de senere år forventes nogle bioprintede konstruktioner at opnå funktionel erstatning af levende væv og gradvist opnå formålet med at erstatte dyreforsøg.
△In 2014, about 400,000 mice died in the laboratory
18. februar 2022 Et EU (EU)-finansieret projekt søger at reducere dyreforsøg i eksperimentel medicinsk forskning gennem 3D-bioprint. Koordineret af Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), udvikler BRIGHTER (Bioprinting by Photolithography: Complex Tissue Engineering at High Resolution and Speed) nye nye tilgange til vævsteknologi og regenerativ medicin 3D bioprint-processer for at reducere brugen af taxidermi i disse områder. Særligt bemærkelsesværdigt fokuserer projektet på fremstilling af menneskelig hud ved hjælp af en ny bioprintteknik baseret på mønstrede laserlysark.
Professor Elena Martinez, coordinator of the BRIGHTER project, said: "Our innovative 3D bioprinting system not only achieves tissue closer to the real thing, but is also much faster than current systems, an essential factor in ensuring the viability of new tissue."
△ A small square containing a matrix of skin cells. Photo via IBEC.
Reducer dyreforsøg med 3D-print
3D-bioprintteknologien har gjort fremskridt i løbet af det seneste årti, med store fremskridt i udviklingen af levedygtigt patientspecifikt-væv. Selvom denne udvikling lover for fremtidige effektivitetsforsøg, er vævene stadig stort set eksperimentelle, og forsøg med humane lægemidler er årtier væk. Men både den akademiske verden og industrien arbejder på at ændre det, idet den svenske bioprinterproducent CELLINK forpligter sig til at fremme sin forskning i dyretestmodeller for harmløse celler og ved at bruge miniaturehudmodeller på University of Stuttgart til at teste effektiviteten af kræftlægemidler med henblik på at eliminere dyreforsøg.
Elsewhere, Fluicell's Biopixlar platform has produced highly complex neural models that show potential for future clinical drug screening applications, while UpNano's NanoOne Bio system is focusing on the fabrication of cell culture microstructures that may have Helps reduce the number of animal experiments behind clinical trials.
△CELLINK has acquired in vitro technology specialist MatTek to create a harmless drug testing model. Photo via MatTek.
Et mere humant alternativ til dyreforsøg
In addition to IBEC, the Goethe University Frankfurt, the Technion Center in Israel and the biotechnology companies Mycronic and Cellendes are also participating in the BRIGHTER project. The program hopes to overcome many of the technical barriers that currently limit the fabrication of complex human tissue. The partners are collaborating on the development of a novel light-sheet bioprinting process capable of producing complex and accurate in vitro models that can be used for cosmetic and drug testing in the pharmaceutical industry and research settings. To fine-tune the technology, the BRIGHTER team is working to 3D print human skin, a highly complex tissue composed of multiple cell types and structures, such as sweat glands and hair follicles. Hydrogels will form a key component of the bioprinting process, as they form the basis for cells to grow and form new tissues, and they can also be personalized using a patient's own cells. To print skin with the desired structure, shape, and consistency, the researchers are using advanced imaging techniques that combine illumination from light sheets and high-resolution digital masks. By applying the laser directly to the hydrogel, the cells within it can be "patterned" and shaped into the right shape, allowing the team to control the stiffness, shape and size of the 3D printed structures.
The ability to shape hydrogels at a high level is especially critical for successfully printing human skin, because this tissue is made up of many layers of cells of different types. According to the BRIGHTER team, their bioprinting process was also able to create the blood vessels of the printed tissue and enable the function of sebaceous and sweat glands, as well as hair follicles to grow hair. Dr Nuria Torras, a postdoctoral researcher at IBEC, said: "We hope to be able to print a skin sample with an area of 1 square centimeter and a thickness of 1 mm in about 10 minutes with a cell viability rate of over 95 percent , greatly improving current bioprinting conditions. "The BRIGHTER project hopes that successful printing of the in vitro skin model will validate its potential for use in pharmaceutical and research settings, and ultimately reduce animal testing for drug and cosmetic testing.
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